Highlights

TraCe Wissenschaftler:innen analysieren seit 2022 die Trans­formationen politischer Gewalt in drei thematischen Forschungsfeldern: Sie untersuchen die Veränderungen und Kon­tinuitäten in Form, Ursache und Folgen, die Rolle von In­stitutionen sowie sich wandelnde Rechtfertigungs­muster, Erinnerungsdiskurse und Inter­pretationen von Gewalt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Forschung haben sie in Mono­grafien, Sammelbänden, Fach­zeitschriften und den TraCe Publikations­reihen veröffentlicht. Die re­levantesten Publikationen aller Forschungs­felder sind hier als Highlights zusammen­gefasst.

Formen: Wandel und Kontinuität politischer Gewalt

 

Vio­lence against Civil Society Actors in Demo­cracies: Territoriali­zation of Criminal Economies and the Assassi­nation of Social Activists in Brazil.

Albarracín, Juan/Karolczak, Rodrigo Moura/Wolff, Jonas (2025): Vio­lence against Civil Society Actors in Demo­cracies: Territorialization of Criminal Eco­nomies and the Assassi­nation of Social Activists in Brazil, in: Jour­nal of Peace Re­search, 62: 5, 1411–1427, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433251347784.

This ar­ticle ana­lyzes a type of politi­cal vio­lence particu­larly pre­valent in demo­cracies of the Global South: the assassi­nation of social activists. The authors develop a theo­retical frame­work that bridges de­bates on criminal gover­nance and socio-environ­mental conflict and show how it helps explain sub­national varia­tion in activist killings across Brazil’s Amazon re­gion.

Front Matter of Journal of Peace Research.
Front Matter of ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Volume 32, Issue 6.

Activists’ Stra­tegies for Coping with Technology-Facilitated Violence in the Glo­bal South

Guntrum, Laura/Reuter, Christian (2025): Activists’ Stra­tegies for Coping with Technology-Facilitated Vio­lence in the Global South, in: ACM Trans­actions on Computer-Human Inter­action (TOCHI), 32: 6, 1–38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3762811.

This ar­ticle shows how acti­vists from seven coun­tries in the Global South develop situated coping and protection strate­gies in res­ponse to tech­nology-facili­tated vio­lence. Coping mecha­nisms and res­ponses ranged from self-censorship and with­drawal to various forms of resis­tance, in­cluding the adop­tion of selec­tive, low-threshold digital security practi­ces such as encryp­tion. Activists’ digital security beha­viors often di­verged from universa­lized IT security recommenda­tions, under­scoring the impor­tance of situa­ting protec­tion strate­gies within activists’ specific threat models and lived con­texts. 

 

Unmasking digi­tal threats in the pursuit of human rights and en­vironmental defense in La Guajira, North Co­lombia

Guntrum, Laura/Lasso Mena, Verena (2025): Un­masking digital threats in the pursuit of hu­man rights and environmental de­fense in La Guajira, North Colombia, in: In­formation, Communication & So­ciety, 1–22, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2025.2503444.

This ar­ticle shows how environ­mental and hu­man rights de­fenders in nor­thern Colom­bia are tar­geted by different forms of tech­nology-facili­tated violence (TFV) that inter­sects with phy­sical threats and struc­tural vio­lence. It ar­gues that ex­cluding TFV from broa­der violence frame­works leads to an incom­plete under­standing of de­fenders’ ex­periences and ex­poses gaps in existing pro­tection mecha­nisms.

 

Front Matter of Information, Communication & Society.
First site of the Article in Frontiers in Political Science

Radical Climate Move­ments – Is the Hype about “Eco­terrorism” Analogy, Warning or Propa­ganda? 

Lederer, Markus/Lasso Mena, Verena/Marquardt, Jens/Richter, Timo/Schoppek, Dorothea Elena (2024): Radical Cli­mate Movements – Is the Hype about “Eco­terrorism” Analogy, Warning or Propa­ganda?, in: Frontiers in Political Science 6/2024, 1–11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2024.1421523.

In this pa­per, TraCe researchers at TU Darm­stadt analyze how radi­cal climate move­ments have used va­rious forms of civil dis­obedience. A parti­cular focus is set on how the me­dia and politi­cians not only warn of a radi­calization into vio­lence but also try to dele­gitimize the cli­mate move­ment overall.

 

 

The inter­nationalization of intrastate con­flict: A network perspective on empi­rical evidence and theoretical expla­nations

Schissler, Frederik/Pfeifer, Hanna/Ruhe, Constantin/Schwab, Regine/Wolff, Jonas: The inter­nationalization of intrastate conflict: A network perspec­tive on empirical evidence and theoretical ex­planations, in: Cooperation and Conflict. DOI: 10.1177/00108367251413148 (open access), Forthcoming.

In this paper, TraCe re­searchers from Goe­the Uni­versity and PRIF intro­duce a network-based frame­work to concept­ualize the inter­nationalization of intrastate armed conflict. Em­pirically, they show that intra­state conflicts have indeed become more inter­nationalized in recent years and iden­tify and eva­luate likely dri­vers of this trend.

A preprint version of the forthcoming paper has been published as TraCe Working Paper No. 7.

 

Front Matter of Cooperation and Conflict Journal.
Front Matter of Journal of Conflict Resolution.

The Bom­bing of Hospitals and Rebel Respon­ses in Civil War. Evi­dence from Syria

Schwab, Regine/Krause, Werner/Massoud, Samer (2025): The Bom­bing of Hospitals and Rebel Respon­ses in Civil War. Evi­dence from Syria, in: Jour­nal of Conflict Reso­lution, online first. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00220027251407077

This publi­cation re­searches an in­creasingly pro­minent form of politi­cal vio­lence, the tar­geting of civilian infra­structure, and its effects on local vio­lence dy­namics. Con­cretely, the paper shows that the tar­geting of medical fa­cilities by pro-govern­ment forces in the Syrian civil war leads to in­creased rebel vio­lence rather than suppressing resis­tance.

 

Armed Group Constellations: Patterns of Co­operation and Conflict in Multi­party Civil Wars 

Schwab, Regine (2026): Armed Group Constellations. Patterns of Co­operation and Conflict in Multi­party Civil Wars, in: Cambridge Uni­versity Press, Forthcoming. 

Inter­nationa­lized multi­party civil wars are an in­creasingly rele­vant pheno­menon, but we lack under­standing of the inter­nal dy­namics of these conflicts. Ba­sed on in-depth field work of the Syrian con­flict and case studies of E­thiopia and Myan­mar, this book deve­lops a new under­standing of the complex relation­ships between rebel groups in multi­party civil wars that goes be­yond bi­nary no­tions of coope­ration and con­flict.

More information about this book can be found on Regine Schwab's website.

Cambridge University Press Logo.

Institutionen: Prävention und Legitimation politischer Gewalt

Logo of London School of Economics and Political Science.

 

The rules-based international order will not survive if its institutions only work in powerful states’ interests

Christian, Ben/Speyer, Johanna/Zimmermann, Lisbeth (2024): The rules-based international order will not survive if its institutions only work in powerful states’ interests, LSE Blog, 11.12.2024.  

The current inter­national order is in crisis, but what ac­tion to take to add­ress this is hotly de­bated. Coun­tering a sugges­tion to reform global insti­tutions by giv­ing more po­wer to al­ready power­ful states, this blog post argues that this path would deepen the exis­ting crisis: The rules-based inter­national order which rests on multi­lateral cooperation will fail if its insti­tutions are re­formed to work even more in the inte­rest of power­ful sta­tes. 

 

Los enfoques diferenciales desde una vocación transformadora: El trabajo de la Comisión de la Verdad en Colombia

González Villamizar, Juliana/Peters, Stefan (2025): Los enfoques diferenciales desde una vocación transformadora: El trabajo de la Comisión de la Verdad en Colombia, in: Una mirada a la Comisión de la Verdad de Colombia. Aprendizajes, reflexiones y siete desafíos contemporáneos, Bogotá, Colombia: Edición Planeta, 115–136.

This book chapter exa­mines the transformative use of differen­tial approaches in the work of Colom­bia’s Truth Commission, focusing on how di­verse social positions and ex­periences of violence are incor­porated into truth-seeking processes. It ana­lyzes how these approaches aim not only to docu­ment harm but also to challenge struc­tural inequalities and pro­mote inclusive recognition of vic­tims.

 

 

Front Matter of Book Una mirada a la Comisión de la Verdad de Colombia. Aprendizajes, reflexiones y siete desafíos contemporáneos.
Cover of Book Chemical and Biological Weapons where Chapter 1 is written by Thilo Marauhn.

Multi-normativity and Multi-level Governance: Fresh Perspectives on the Strengthening of Norms against Chemical and Biological Weapons

Marauhn, Thilo (2025): Multi-normativity and Multi-level Governance: Fresh Perspectives on the Strengthening of Norms against Chemical and Biological Weapons, in: Barry de Vries (ed.), Chemical and Biological Weapons, Leiden, Niederlande: Brill | Nijhoff, 1–12, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004739192_002

The bans on chemical and bi­ological weapons are founda­tional to global dis­armament and inter­national security. However, these re­gimes are under in­creasing strain due to recent vio­lations and broa­der insti­tutional challenges. This book intro­duction re­flects on two con­cepts helpful to ex­plain the complex­ities of multi­lateral regu­lations: the estab­lished no­tion of multi-level gover­nance and the mo­re recent no­tion of multi-norma­tivity.

 

Re-examining the State/Non-state Binary in the Study of (Civil) War

Pfeifer, Hanna/Schwab, Regine (2023): Re-examining the State/Non-state Binary in the Study of (Civil) War, in: Civil Wars, 25: 2–3, 426–449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2023.2254654.

One of the funda­mental distinctions informing studies on civil war is that be­tween state and non-state actors as parties to an armed con­flict. As TraCe authors argue, this binary has come under increased scrutiny in light of re­cent develop­ments in armed con­flicts. Drawing on examples from conflict zones in West Asia and North Africa, they investi­gate phenomena in civil wars that un­cover the tenuity of state/non-state dis­tinction.

 

Front Matter of Civil Wars Journal.
Front Matter of Latin American Politics and Society Journal.

Transitioning Guerrillas: An Analysis of the Internal Cohesion of the Former FARC in their Transition from War to Democracy

Acuña, Diana C./Quishpe, Rafael C./Salazar, Mónica A./Ugarriza, Juan E. (2023): Transitioning Guerrillas: An Analysis of the Internal Cohesion of the Former FARC in their Transition from War to Democracy, in: Latin American Politics and Society, 66: 3, 79–106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2023.37. 

Ex-rebel politi­cal parties often e­merge after peace accords but fre­quently fragment and dis­appear, increasing the risk of re­newed political vio­lence. Using quanti­tative data on former FARC guerrillas in Colom­bia who joined a newly founded legal po­litical party, the authors' findings suggest that suppor­ting organi­zational reengi­neering efforts among for­mer rebels – with a focus on cohesion – can miti­gate the negative conse­quences of rebel party collapse.

 

Transformation(en) der Gewalt­rechtfertigung? Zum Verhältnis von Kriegs­legitimation und internationaler Ordnungs­bildung in Geschichte und Gegenwart

Simon, Hendrik/Brock, Lothar (2023): Trans­formation(en) der Gewaltrechtfertigung? Zum Ver­hältnis von Kriegslegitimation und inter­nationaler Ordnungsbildung in Geschichte und Gegen­wart, Frankfurt/Main, TraCe Working Paper No.2, DOI: 10.48809/PRIFTraCeWP2302

Die Geschichte poli­tischer Gewalt ist zugleich eine Ge­schichte ihrer Recht­fertigung und Kritik: Seit jeher wird politische Gewalt von Theo­rien und Prak­tiken ihrer (De-)Legiti­mation begleitet – auf nationaler wie auch auf inter- und trans­nationaler Ebene. Das zweite TraCe Working Paper unter­sucht, wie sich diese Prak­tiken ge­wandelt haben und ob Konti­nuität oder Brüche domi­nieren.

Front Matter of TraCe Working Paper No.2.
Logo of Völkerrechtsblog.

ReflectiÖns on 200 Years of the Mon­roe Doctrine

Scarfi, Juan Pablo/Simon, Hendrik (2023): Re­flectiÖns on 200 Years of the Mon­roe Doctrine, Völkerrechts­blog, 18.12.2023, DOI: 10.17176/20231218-111106-0.

What does the Mon­roe Doctrine – or perhaps better: the multiple Monroe Doc­trines since 1823 – actually stand for to­day? How can we look back on it 200 years after its first appea­rance? In this blog post, authors build on discussions of a TraCe conference on the Monroe Doctrine in Frankfurt, December 2023.

This re­search agenda will be pur­sued further in a forth­coming edited volume on the history, inter­pretation, and legacy of the Monroe Doc­trine, edited by Raphaël Cahen, León Castellanos-Jankiewicz, and Hendrik Simon.

 

Interpretationen politischer Gewalt

 

Memory Before Vio­lence

Buckley-Zistel, Susanne/de Wolff, Kaya/Erll, Astrid/Frank, Sybille/Hannig, Nicolai/Mannitz, Sabine/Reiss, Mariel/Schwerer, Jona/Spittler, Sara-Luise/Wingender, Monika (2024): Memory Before Vio­lence, Frankfurt/Main, TraCe Wor­king Paper No. 5, DOI: 10.48809/PRIFTraCeWP2405.

In this work­ing paper, TraCe re­searchers from various fields (including the social sciences and the hu­manities, history, media studies, and linguistics) reflect on “memory before violence.” The work­ing paper suggests turn­ing around the temporal per­spective on the memory-violence nexus. In six case studies, authors address “memory before vio­lence” – in Brazil, in Canada, in Uganda and Kenya, in Russia and Ukraine, and in Ger­many.

 

Front Matter of TraCe Working Paper No.5 Memory Before Violence.
Cover of Sage Special Issue: Displaying and Processing Political Violence in Museum Spaces. Picture displays painting by Édouard Manet: “Execution of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico“ with dark figures aiming with weapons.

Special Issue: Dis­playing and Processing Poli­tical Violence in Museum Spa­ces

Fuhrmann, Larissa-Diana/Mannitz, Sabine (2025) (Hrsg.): Special Issue: Dis­playing and Processing Political Vio­lence in Museum Spa­ces, in: Cultural Dyna­mics, 37: 1–2, DOI: 10.1177/09213740251323352

With contri­butions by: de Wolff, Kaya/Cabral Lopes, Rebeca/Fuhrmann, Larissa-Diana/Mannitz, Sabine/Kopp, Rita Theresa/Oettler, Anika/Pérez Benavides/Amada Carolina, et al. 

This issue of the jour­nal Cultural Dynamics brings together contri­butions by scholars from PRIF, Goethe Uni­versity, and the University of Mar­burg. Their research on the cultural memory of poli­tical violence is focused here in particular on inter­pretive frameworks through which museums communi­cate these histories to a broader public. The special issue was pre­ceded by a highly successful and very well-attended work­shop – also involving colleagues beyond TraCe – held in the context of the 2023 DGSKA Congress.

 

 

 

Peace and the Poli­tics of Memory

Mannergren, Johanna/Björkdahl, Annika/Buckley-Zistel, Susanne/Kappler, Stefanie/Williams, Timothy (2024): Peace and the Poli­tics of Memory, Man­chester, UK: Manchester Uni­versity Press. 

This book explores me­mory politics and its impact on the quality of peace in so­cieties transitioning from a violent past. Situating the book in the li­terature of critical Peace Re­search and Memory Studies, the authors introduce the idea that the qua­lity of peace is affected by the extent to which me­mories are entangled. 

 

 

 

 

 

Front matter Peace and the Politics of Memory
Cover of Journal of Genocide Research

The Ova­herero and Nama People’s Struggle for Resto­rative Justice: An Activist-Scholar Lens

De Wolff, Kaya/Nguherimo, Jephta (2025): The Ova­herero and Nama People’s Struggle for Resto­rative Justice: An Activist-Scholar Lens, in: Jour­nal of Genocide Re­search, 1–18, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2025.2559463

This article ex­plores the ongoing struggle of the Ova­herero and Nama struggle to obtain an apo­logy and reparations for the colonial geno­cide committed by German troops in 1904 to 1908 in Nami­bia. By co-publishing this article in tandem as a Ger­man academic scholar and a Namibian repa­ration activist, the authors move from an extrac­tivist practice of scholar­ship to a form of mutually beneficial know­ledge production. With support of TraCe members Susanne Buckley-Zistel, Sabine Mannitz and Dirk Moses, this ar­ticle is the first to be pub­lished in a series of three. The series was produced as part of Nguherimo's TraCe visiting fellow­ship at Goethe University Frankfurt. 

 

 

Joy, Reflections, Resis­tance - LGBTIQ+ Lived Rea­lities in Africa. Scholarly and Ac­tivist Perspectives

Reiss, Mariel/Sogunro, Ayodele (2026) (Hrsg.): Joy, Reflec­tions, Resistance - LGBTIQ+ Lived Rea­lities in Africa. Scholarly and Activist Perspec­tives, Leverkusen, Deutschland: Verlag Bar­bara Budrich.

Buil­ding on the themes of vio­lence, resistance, and soli­darity, this book explores inter­sections of knowledge-production and -transfer between diverse scholarly and activist spheres and here­with contri­butes to metho­dological, conceptual, and normative aspects of centring LGBTIQ+ rights and lived realities in mani­fold African contexts. The chapters dis­cuss the longer histo­rical developments of homo- and transphobic bills, legis­lations, and de jure prac­tices as well as their effects for LGBTIQ+ persons (until) today.

 

 

Cover of the Book Joy, Reflections, Resistance - LGBTIQ+ Lived Realities in Africa.
Cover of the TraCe Working Paper Nr. 6 on Invisibility of Violence.

(Un)Sichtbarkeit von Gewalt

Ahlheim, Hannah/Cramer, Tina/Fuhrmann, Larissa-Diana/Guntrum, Laura/Ismail, Nadia/Mannitz, Sabine/Marauhn, Thilo/Lasso Mena, Verena/Oettler, Anika/Schwab, Regine/Spittler, Sara-Luise/Wolff, Jonas (2025): (Un)Sichtbarkeit von Ge­walt, Frankfurt/Main, TraCe Wor­king Paper No. 6, DOI: 10.48809/PRIFTraCeWP2506.

What mecha­nisms determine the visibility or in­visibility of violence? Written in the context of the exhibition “(In)Visibility of Violence” (KUNSTHALLE GIESSEN, 2025), this TraCe Working Paper exa­mines forms, geographical contexts, and both historical and contem­porary con­ditions of violence. The paper is a prime example for TraCe’s know­ledge transfer: It connects artistic and aca­demic perspec­tives on vio­lence and makes them accessible to a non-academic au­dience through numerous examples and pictures. 

 

 

 

 

Fashion, Mobility, and Pro­test: The Sapeur Move­ment in Congo

Hannig, Nicolai/Engelschalt, Julia (2024): Fashion, Mobility, and Pro­test: The Sapeur Move­ment in Congo, in: Historical Social Re­search, 49: 4, 120–134, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.49.2024.38.

Emer­ging as a fashio­nable pro­test against Western clothing bans in dicta­torial Congo in the second half of the twentieth century , the sapeur move­ment used flamboyant Euro­pean styles to de­fiantly sub­vert high-society norms. By ana­lyzing inter­national media from the 1970s to to­day, this article seeks to under­stand the sa­peur as an inter­loper between seve­ral spheres.

First site of the Article on the Sapeur Movement in Congo.